フリーランスや副業で生計を立てるための味方となる「開業届」を出す際の書き方や、税務署への提出方法について解説します。開業届は郵送したり、Webでの手続きもでき、誰でも簡単に申請することができます。

ステップ1:開業届を無料でダウンロードする
開業届とは「個人事業の開業・廃業等届出書」のこと。これは税務署に提出するものですが、申請用の書類は国税庁のホームページからダウンロードできます。アクセスすると、Web上で記入してダウンロードできるようになっていると思いますので、ぜひ一度見てみてください。2枚目の控えも重要です。控えと返送用の封筒も一緒に送ると、税務署で受理されたあとに受領印が押されて返送されます。控えがあれば、きちんと手続きが完了しているかの確認もできるだけではなく、個人事業主としての証明書代わりとして使用でき、たとえば屋号付きの銀行口座をつくる際に求められることがありますので、控えも提出することをおすすめします。
ステップ2:必要事項を開業届に記入する
開業届を申請する際に記入が必要なものは、大きく分けると下記の3項目です。
- 所轄の税務署と提出日
- 納税地の住所と電話番号、事業所の住所、氏名、生年月日、職業、屋号
- 届出のための記入事項
所轄の税務署は国税庁のホームページから簡単に調べることができます。
納税地は基本、生活の拠点となる自宅の場所=「住所地」になります。そのため自宅兼仕事場という方の場合は、「住所地」を選択します。
自宅とは別に事業を行うための事務所などを持っている方の場合は、納税地を事務所か、自宅のどちらかから選ぶことができます。もし、事務所を納税地にする場合は「事務所等」を選択して、次の「上記以外の住所地・事業所等」の欄に自宅の住所を記入しましょう。自宅を納税地にする場合は、納税地の欄で「住所地」を選択し、「上記以外の住所地・事業所等」で事務所の住所を記入すればOK。
「居所地」は、活動場所は日本にあるものの、国内に住所を持たず海外に居住されている場合や、住所ほど結びつきのない場所の場合に選択します。

ステップ3:屋号を入れるか考える
屋号はあってもなくても大丈夫なので、とくに屋号を決めていない場合は空欄で大丈夫。確定申告の際に屋号を記載することもできるんです。国税庁によると、屋号とは「個人事業者の方が使用する商業上の名のこと」。つまり、仕事上の名前です。たとえば、本名は鈴木春だけど、結婚前の旧姓で仕事をしたいという場合は、屋号に旧姓を記入すれば、旧姓で事業ができるんです。
屋号を持つと、屋号付き名義での銀行口座の開設ができるため、お金をはっきりしたい方にもおすすめ。また、フリーランスになると所属元がなくなるため、屋号をつけておくと自己紹介の際に「〇〇〇オフィスの鈴木です」などと名乗れるのもメリットかもしれませんね。
あとから屋号を変更したいときは、確定申告の際に変更したい屋号を記入するだけで、ほかに特別な手続きは必要ないので、事業内容が変わってきて付けていた屋号がしっくりこなくなった場合は、変更するのも◎。
ステップ4:持ち込みか、郵送またはe-Taxで開業届を提出する
必要事項の記入が終わったら、開業届を提出しましょう。もし「開業・廃業に伴う届出書の提出の有無」で「有」を選んだ場合は、その書類も一緒に提出します。提出方法は所轄の税務署へ持ち込むか、郵送、または、e-Taxで申請するの3種類です。
郵送の場合、所轄の税務署へ提出用と控用の2枚と、返送用の封筒を送れば、受理されたのちに控用を返送してくれます。Webでの提出を希望する場合は、e-Taxのホームページへ。私自身、e-Taxは使ったことがないので、詳細は省かせていただきますが、マイナンバーカードを持っている場合は便利そうですね。税務署に持ち込む場合は、所轄の税務署の開いている時間を調べておくと安心ですね。
- 必要事項を記入した「個人事業の開業・廃業等届出書」の提出用と控用
- 申請をする方の本人確認書類(マイナンバーカードやマイナンバー入り住民票の写しなど)やそのコピー
- (必要であれば)開業・廃業に伴う届出書 ※必要事項を記入済みのもの
- (郵送の場合)控用の返信用封筒 ※返信先を記載済みのもの
どの提出方法でも、押印された控えを保管しましょう。e-Taxで提出した場合には、メッセージボックスに受信通知が届くそうですので、送信した開業届のデータと受信通知をそれぞれプリントアウトすることで控えとできるそうです。
開業届の出し方は以上です!では次回、確定申告の際に味方になる「青色申告承認申請書」のことをご紹介しますね。
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